Abstract: Xi Jinping’s important exposition on “the country’s most fundamental interests” is a theoretical crystallization of the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with fine traditional Chinese culture, a condensation of the wisdom of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in leading the historical process of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in the past century, and a scientific response to the strategy of national rejuvenation amid global changes of a magnitude not seen in a century. It contains rich scientific connotations, namely, a high degree of political awareness to safeguard the interests of the Party and the country, a long-term strategic vision to seek development based on domestic and international situations, a firm value stance to strive to ensure that the people are leading happy lives, and a sense of responsibility to contribute to the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. This centrally embodies the organic unity of the CPC’s political ambition, strategic vision, value stance and responsibility in national governance. To implement Xi Jinping’s important exposition on “the country’s most fundamental interests” on the new journey in the new era, it is necessary to take a clear-cut political stand, and stabilize the political direction of “the country’s most fundamental interests” by consciously improving political ability. In addition, it is essential to seek long-term development based on the overall situation, maintain firm strategic resolve of “the country’s most fundamental interests” in exploring new opportunities and breaking new ground, work hard to promote development, and shoulder the mission of the times of “the country’s most fundamental interests” in advancing Chinese modernization.