Abstract: The political dimension of Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization is based on Marx’s thought on the relationship between man and nature, and emphasizes that the construction of ecological civilization must adhere to the leadership of the CPC and the socialist system, which constitutes its logical starting point. It further calls for the transformation of the traditional development view of pursuing economic growth at the expense of the environment to be replaced by the ecological development view that “lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets”. It also requires that we should correctly handle the dialectical relationship between economic development and ecological environment, and surpass the ecological development view of the western ecological thought which stresses rule by virtue or technical governance. And thus, it puts forward the socialist ecological governance view of “morality and legality”, and demands the establishment of scientific outlook on development, right view on performance evaluation and strict evaluation system for environmental protection and accountability system. The characteristics of political dimension of Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization lie in adhering to the organic unity of ecological civilization thought in the dimensions of philosophy and culture, economy, society and politics, which overcomes the defects of western ecological thought in the theoretical basis and value orientation, thus realizing the revolutionary change in the history of human ecological civilization thought. This is also of great value for us to correctly grasp the essence of ecological civilization and promote the development path and construction of ecological civilization in China.