Abstract: In the course of world history, capitalist large-scale industry has applied science and natural forces to the production process, which has promoted the progress of productive forces and the advancement of technology. However, because the capitalist production takes value multiplication as the fundamental goal, it has become the shackle of the development of productive forces and the source of the pollution and destruction of the ecological environment, thus resulting in the inevitable “Paradox of Nature”. The exploitative nature and infinite expansion of capital have prompted it to abuse and plunder the ecological environment endlessly. In the process of making full use of the ecological environment, capitalist reproduction has caused the “material transformation and fracture” between man and nature, and between man and man, giving rise to a variety of “urban diseases” and “diseases of civilization”. Unlike the development pattern of capitalism of “draining the pond to get all the fish”, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has always followed the green development path in economic development to realize the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and emphasized the concrete and historical unity of economic and social development and ecological environmental protection. In the face of the “Paradox of Nature” of capitalism and the “diseases of civilization” it causes, the green development philosophy of socialism with Chinese characteristics adheres to and develops Marxist theory, lays an institutional foundation for high-quality development and high-level protection by firmly following the socialism path with Chinese characteristics, and promotes the integration of environmental justice and social justice, which play an important role in the green revolution of the future society.