Abstract: A new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is in the ascendant. The Internet, big data and artificial intelligence are closely integrated with traditional industries, and new industrialization is accelerating. Major projects are one of the core links in the construction of new industrialization, and are related to national construction, national revitalization, and even the future of mankind. They have also given rise to a series of ethical risks that cannot be ignored, while creating well-being for mankind. The complex relationship between major projects and mankind, nature and society implies the ethical appeals of human development, nature and society. Under the background of the digital era, major projects have been in a series of ethical dilemmas for subjective and objective reasons, such as coexistence of subjective and objective risks of major projects, difficulty in tracing the collective responsibility, constant changes in the ethical concepts of the engineering community, and application of artificial intelligence in engineering. Therefore, we should strengthen the technical risk prevention and perception of major projects, take into account the “soft constraints” of self-discipline and “hard constraint” of heteronomy, and explore the strategies of the governance and ethical governance of major projects.