Abstract: This study aims to explore the impact of China’s digital infrastructure construction on the high-quality development of low-altitude economy, as well as the mechanism for the impact. Based on the theoretical framework and empirical model constructed, it analyzes the panel data from 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China from 2012 to 2022, and finds that digital infrastructure construction has significantly promoted the high-quality development of the low-altitude economy. In addition, it reveals the mediating effects of talent pooling, entrepreneurial activity and digital inclusive finance. The findings show that entrepreneurial activity and the level of industrial advancement have threshold effects, and inter-regional general budget expenditures and urban-rural income disparities have heterogeneous effects on the regression results. In light of the results of regression analysis, the paper puts forward the following policy recommendations. It is essential to strengthen digital infrastructure construction, especially in the central and western regions where the development of low-altitude economy is relatively backward, and optimize talent training and talent pooling. Furthermore, it is necessary to stimulate entrepreneurial vitality, reduce entrepreneurial costs, push the development of new business models, and develop digital inclusive finance.