Abstract: The digital extension of procuratorial investigation supervision powers represents both an imperative driven by technological advancement and a practical necessity to address deficiencies in traditional investigation supervision systems. Under the impetus of digital technology, investigation supervision work has undergone transformative developments: extending from supervision at key nodes to comprehensive full-chain supervision, transitioning from case file review to the construction of data models for similar case supervision, and expanding from responsive supervision to proactive supervision mechanisms. Nevertheless, the digital extension of procuratorial investigation supervision powers confronts three significant challenges in practice: the diminishment of prosecutors’ supervisory authority, the exacerbation of structural imbalances in pre-trial procedural frameworks, and the substantial increase in data security risks. To address these challenges, legislative amendments to the Criminal Procedure Law should be leveraged to establish a regulatory framework for the digital operation of procuratorial investigation supervision powers. This framework should encompass the establishment of human-machine collaborative supervision mechanisms centered on prosecutorial personnel, the maintenance of pre-trial structural equilibrium while upholding the principle of equality between prosecution and defense, and the strengthening of data security safeguards throughout the investigation supervision process. These institutional designs will ensure both the effectiveness and regulatory compliance of investigation supervision powers in the digital era.