Abstract: The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has placed the Chinese AI governance model, which relies primarily on policy documents and sector-specific laws, at risk of institutional fragmentation and delayed responses. This study addresses the practical demands of AI governance, employing historical institutional analysis and comparative analysis of governance models as its core research approaches. Based on technological breakthroughs, the development of AI governance is divided into three stages: the Network Law Era, the Big Data Law Era, and the AI Law Era. The study then analyzes the interactive logic between technological evolution and institutional responses at each stage. On this basis, it proposes governance theories tailored to China’s needs and suggests a practical path to building a Chinese-style AI governance system, structured around four dimensions: value orientation, institutional supply, practical adaptation, and international participation.