Abstract: China's political party system is China's basic political system, a major political creation initiated by the Communist Party of China in leading the Chinese people, and a great contribution to human political civilization. By redefining the nature of political parties and party systems, this article integrates research on political parties and national governance. Using a three-dimensional framework of party-state-society relations, it focuses on analyzing new types of relationships between political parties and society, new forms of relationships between political parties, and new models of relationships between political parties and the state. On this basis, this study reconstructs the political science narrative framework for China's political party system. It provides insights into enhancing institutional confidence and improving governance effectiveness under the socialism with Chinese characteristics, and into developing an autonomous knowledge system in Chinese political science.