Abstract: Taking Marxism as its theoretical foundation, this paper systematically examines the historical generation, theoretical connotations, and structural position of the concept of the "Global South" in the contemporary world order, integrating world-system theory, dependency theory, and the new changes in contemporary global capitalism. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the theoretical logic, practical paths, and strategic significance underpinning China's enduring identity as part of the "Global South". Finally, it explores how to further promote the development of the "Global South", drawing on the philosophy of a community with a shared future for mankind, and focusing on building a new international development order that is more equitable, inclusive, and sustainable. It also argues that the "Global South" serves as the primary arena for China to build a community with a shared future for mankind. The study reveals China's identification with and support for the "Global South". This is not a strategic diplomatic discourse, but a necessary choice rooted in the basic principles of historical materialism, reflecting the essential requirements of new development philosophy, and aligning with the direction of human civilization development.