ISSN 1008-2204
CN 11-3979/C

数智融合背景下自然保护地生态空间立法的结构转型

Structural Transformation of Ecological Spatial Legislation for Protected Areas Under Digital-Intelligent Integration

  • 摘要: 2026年,《中华人民共和国国家公园法》与新修订的《中华人民共和国自然保护区条例》正式施行,《中华人民共和国生态环境法典》对自然保护地体系整合,共同推动了自然保护地治理由要素分割规制转向生态空间系统规制。围绕制度变动中的规范竞合与运行衔接,阐明“分区—清单—责任”规范结构及其运行逻辑,并以中华人民共和国最高人民法院、中华人民共和国最高人民检察院发布的典型案例及公开裁判文书为基础形成类型化样本,构建物理侵入型破坏、退出补偿冲突与名录叠加破坏三类争议的分析框架。研究表明,自然保护地治理的核心约束并非规范供给不足,而是规范之间缺乏稳定衔接机制。数智融合并非技术性嵌入,而是通过监测预警、数据采信与证据生成,进入规范实现过程,将数据要素转化为法律证明与责任认定的制度基础。由此,类型化禁止行为的治理效能取决于监管体系在识别、固证与执行三个维度的能力配置。基于上述分析,提出“空间—数智—责任”交叉运行的结构模型,主张通过证据链前移与程序衔接重构责任闭环。

     

    Abstract: In 2026, the National Park Law came into effect, the revised Regulations on Nature Reserves were implemented, and the Ecological and Environmental Code completed the systematic integration of protected areas. These developments have promoted a shift in protected-area governance from element-based regulation to ecological spatial system regulation. Focusing on normative conflicts and operational linkages under this institutional change, this study analyzes the "zoning inventory liability" normative structure and its operational logic. Based on typical cases released by the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate as well as public judgments, this study also develops typified samples to construct an analytical framework for three categories of disputes: physical encroachment damage, exit-compensation conflicts, and register-overlap damage. The findings indicate that the core constraint in protected-area governance does not lie in insufficient normative supply, but in the absence of stable coordination mechanisms among norms. Digital-intelligent integration is not a merely technical insertion; rather, it enters the process of norm implementation through monitoring and early warning, data collection and evidence generation, thereby transforming data elements into an institutional basis for legal proof and liability determination. On this basis, the governance effectiveness of typified prohibitions is shown to depend on the configuration of capacities in three dimensions of the regulatory system: identification, evidence consolidation, and enforcement. The study thus proposes an intersecting operational model of "space data-intelligence liability", arguing for reconstructing the liability-closure mechanism through advancing the evidentiary chain and strengthening procedural linkages.

     

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