Abstract: The concept of "cultural subjectivity" proposed in the new era is a profound philosophical event. Its boundaries can be clarified and its connotations grasped based on an examination of the conceptual progression from "subject" to "subjectivity", and from "cultural subject" as a collective subject to "cultural subjectivity". The notion of "subject" reflects the awareness of "the self" grounded in practice, while "subjectivity" refers to the defining characteristics and essence of the subject manifested in human objectifying activities with objects. A nation characterized by shared culture and cultural identity can be called a "cultural subject", whose features lie in self-awareness of its own existence and the capacity for unified action, reflecting mutually interpenetrating and reflective multiple dimensions of agency: autonomy, self-consciousness, criticality, and creativity. The "Second Integration" signifies that the Chinese nation, as a cultural subject, has established a philosophical foundation concerning "the self": transitioning from a cultural existence "in itself" to a state of civilizational self-consciousness "for itself". Fundamentally, the "Second Integration" transcends the "apprenticeship state" that has dominated China since modern times and provides ontological support for a new form of human civilization.