Abstract: In economics, ‘Economic man’ and ‘Moral man’ are two completely different pa radigms in the assumption of human nature. This paper retrospects various humani ty assumptions in the history of economy. It points out that under specific circ umstances of the construction of a harmonious society, people really should make a return journey from ‘Economic man’ to ‘Moral man’ as soon as possible, so as to realize the fairness and justice of the society, and the free and overall development of the people.