英语反义形容词标记对立的原型效应

详细信息

Prototypical Effects in Markedness of English Adjective Antonyms

Foreign Languages Department, Shandong Institute of Business and Technology, Ya ntai 264005, China

摘要: 标记性(markedness)是语言中的对立、不对称现象。它普遍存在于人类语言中,并且广泛存在于语言的各个层面。在反义形容词词对的对立中,它体现得最为明显。文章结合认知语言学中的原型范畴理论,分析和阐释英语反义形容词词对的不对称现象,进而初步揭示语言中标记现象的认知理据。
- 标记性 /
- 不对称现象 /
- 原型理论 /
- 反义形容词
Abstract: Markedness (asymmetry) is a common phenomenon in language. It exists o n every linguistic level, especially in the asymmetric contrast between pairs of adjective opposition. This paper is to analyze and interpret this kind of asymm etry in terms of prototype theory in cognitive linguistics, and thus to prove th e cognitive motivation in linguistic markedness.
- markedness /
- asymmetric relation /
- prototype theory /
- adjective antonyms

[1]	沈家煊. 不对称和标记论[M]. 南昌: 江西教育出版社, 1999.
[2]	张建理. 标记性和反义词[J]. 外国语, 1999(3).
[3]	Lyons J. Semantics[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977.
[4]	Lehrer A. Markedness and antonymy[J]. Journal of Linguistics, 1985(21 ): 397-429.
[5]	沈家煊. 类型学中的标记模式[J]. 外语教学与研究, 1997(1): 1-10.
[6]	Wittgenstein L. Philosophical investigations [M]. Oxford: Basil Blackwe ll, 1978:89-95.
[7]	赵艳芳. 认知语言学概论[M]. 上海: 上海外语教育出版社, 2000:98-105.
[8]	Rosch E. Cognitive representations of semantic categories [J]. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1975(104).
[9]	刘正光. 语言非范畴化——语言范畴化理论的重要组成部分[M]. 上海: 上海外语教育出版社, 2006: 15-30.
[10]	陆国强. 现代英语词汇学:新版 [M]. 上海:上海外语教育出版社, 19 99:125.
[11]	Cruse D A. Lexical semantics [M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Pre ss, 1986:70-79.
[12]	Clark H H, Clark E V. Psychology and language: an introduction to psycho linguistics[M]. New York: Harcout Brace Jovanovich, 1977:126.
[13]	Kellerman E. Transfer and non-transfer: Where are we now?[J]. Stu dies in Second Language Acquisition, 1979(2):37-57.