完善中国行政侵权责任制度的若干探讨
Discussion on Perfecting Administration Tort Duty Systemin China
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摘要: 中国自建立行政诉讼、行政复议和国家赔偿制度以来, 行政侵权责任制度的建设已有了很大加强, 但一些特殊类型的行政侵权责任还亟待完善。应从法律上明文规定, 如抽象行政行为违法或不当,不仅应承担被撤销和被改变的法律责任, 还应逐步承担赔偿责任。行政机关对其共同参与的违法行为,应负主要侵权赔偿责任。实施侵权行为的行政公务人员, 应当直接向行政相对人承担部分或全部赔偿责任, 特殊情况应由其所在单位承担一定的连带责任。对于混杂有其他侵权行为的行政不作为, 行政相对人可以采取救济选择求偿的原则。对行政不当行为, 应采取有限制的责任豁免原则, 以确定国家承担赔偿责任之大小。Abstract: Since the establishment of administration litigation, administration reviewand the state compensation systemin China , the building of administrationtort duty systemalready has been greatly strengthened , but some special types of administrationtort duties still need urgent perfection. The prescription should be proclaimedin writing by law; for example , abstract administration actions are illegal or improper , it should not only bear the lawdutythat abolished and changed , but also bear the compensationduty step by step . Administration departments should bear the maintort compensation dutyfor the together illegal actions . The administrationgovernment employees that carry out tort actions should directly bear the part or main compensation duty for the administration counterparts ; their units should bear a certainrelated duty for the special situation. To administration nonfeasance that mixes other tort actions , the counterparts canadopt the relief selection request principle . To administration improper actions , the limitary duty exemption principle should be adopted to confirmthe compensation duty size the state undertakes .