Abstract: This article analyzed the management system and its development of the public science & technology in the U.S.A and Britain, stressing on the government S&T management units, the R&D systems, and the transformation of public S&T productions. With the globalization of economy and freefluency of knowledge, science and technology become more and more important in the economic development and social improvement. Thus the status and functions of the government on S&T also changed, in a word, from the main sponsor and executor into activator and advancer.