Abstract: Kant and Yang-ming base their transcendental moral philosophy on "freewill" a nd "innate conscience" respectively. They share the similarity in transcendent al basis of moral laws characterized with self-discipline while differing with the ways of forging their moral theory of subject. This paper makes a comparison between the two central concepts to reveal the merits and demerits of each theo ry, aiming at the possibility and necessity of fusion of Chinese with Western ph ilosophies for the purpose of moral constructions of our time.