ISSN 1008-2204
CN 11-3979/C

美国空警机上"无令状搜查、逮捕"行为的合宪分析

张君周

张君周. 美国空警机上"无令状搜查、逮捕"行为的合宪分析[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报社会科学版, 2010, 23(6): 34-37.
引用本文: 张君周. 美国空警机上"无令状搜查、逮捕"行为的合宪分析[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报社会科学版, 2010, 23(6): 34-37.
ZHANG Jun-zhou. An Analysis on the Constitutionality of Search and Arrest without a Warrant of Federal Air Marshal[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Social Sciences Edition, 2010, 23(6): 34-37.
Citation: ZHANG Jun-zhou. An Analysis on the Constitutionality of Search and Arrest without a Warrant of Federal Air Marshal[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Social Sciences Edition, 2010, 23(6): 34-37.

美国空警机上"无令状搜查、逮捕"行为的合宪分析

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(60879006)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    张君周(1978-),女,山东郓城人,讲师,博士后,研究方向为证据法、国际航空犯罪.

  • 中图分类号: DF934

An Analysis on the Constitutionality of Search and Arrest without a Warrant of Federal Air Marshal

  • 摘要: 作为联邦执法人员,美国空警多次在机上采取无令状的搜查、逮捕行为。对此,可以从三方面探讨这些行为的合宪性。首先,由于空警主要负责处理机上劫持、恐怖袭击等行为,因此重大的航空安全是获得令状例外的根本利益所在。其次,机上环境特殊、情况紧急,符合令状原则的"紧急情况"例外的适用条件。再次,空警的搜查、逮捕行为在无令状的情况下还应当满足宪法所要求的实质要件,即根据案情不同,确保采取措施时具备"相当理由"。
    Abstract: As the Federal law enforcement officer, Federal air marshal had searched and arrested without a warrant for several times. And, we can analyze the constitutionality of these measures from three aspects. First, significant aviation safety is the basic interests of warrant exception because an air marshal mainly deals with serious hijack or terrorists attacks. Second, the special circumstance of cabin and critical condition satisfies the condition of "emergency exception" of warrant. Third, even meeting the condition of warrant exception, an air marshal also needs to satisfy the "probable cause" requirement of Constitution when they make a search or an arrest.
  • [1] 王兆鹏. 美国刑事诉讼法[M].北京: 北京大学出版社,2005.
    [2] Katherine Stein. Search and seizure at cruising altitude: an analysis of the reborn federal air marshal and fourth amendment complications in the twenty-first century[J]. Journal of Air Law and Commerce, 2005,70.
    [3] 栗林忠男. 航空犯罪与国际法[M].袁晓利,译.北京:法律出版社,1988:33.
    [4] 美国联邦宪法第四修正案:令状原则的例外[M]. 吴宏耀,牟绿叶,陈芳,等,译.北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,2010:276.
    [5] Addie S Ries. America-s anti-hijacking campaign——will it conform to our constitution?[J]. North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology, 2001(Fall).
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2010-09-14
  • 发布日期:  2010-11-24

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