正义、效率与国家证成——克里斯托芬·毛瑞斯的国家证成路径
Justice,Efficiency and the Justification of the State: Christopher W Morris- Theory of Justifying the State
-
摘要: 每一个人都生活在一个现代国家里,而来自于无政府主义的一个挑战是国家是否应该存在,即国家能否被证成?如果国家能被证成,那么证成国家的基础是什么?克里斯托芬·毛瑞斯(Christopher W Morris)认为,证成国家就是说明国家的权力是公正的(或正确的)或者合理的,面对洛克和诺齐克证成国家的理论困境,即一旦承认了人们拥有生命、自由及财产三项自然权利,则证成国家是非常困难的。毛瑞斯的办法是设定人们拥有准自然权利,而保护人们的准自然权利需要国家提供正义并有效率的行动,这样他便通过正义与效率证成了国家。Abstract: Each of us lives in a modern state but there is a challenge from the anarchists that whether the state should exist or not, that is, whether justify the state? If we agree that can justify the state, what is the basis of justification of the state? Christopher W Morris argued that justifying the state is to certify that the power of justification of the state is just, right or reasonable. In face of the difficulty in justifying the state in the theories of Locke and Nozick which is the dilemma of justifying the state so long as we agree individuals have the rights of life, liberty and property. The way to deal with this dilemma of Morris is to make use of the concept of seminatural rights and in order to protect the seminatural rights of individuals the sate needs to provide justice and take actions effectively. Consequently, Morris justifies the state by way of the conceptions of justice and efficiency.