Abstract: This paper uses the DEA-Malmquist Index to measure China's pharmaceutical manufacturing R & D efficiency from 2000 to 2010, and analyze the convergence trend. The results indicate that China's overall pharmaceutical manufacturing R&D efficiency is on an uphill trend, the main driver of growth in R&D efficiency stems from technical efficiency; R&D regional efficiency differs significantly, the main reason being that technological progress and technical efficiency cannot synchronize with growth. Except for the eastern region, central and western regions as well as the national R&D efficiency convergence trend has not yet formed, technology diffusion effect cannot form the main reason for the R&D efficiency unrealized convergence.