Abstract: The new political party system is a basic kind of socialist political systems with Chinese characteristics, a major political creation by the Communist Party of China leading the Chinese people, and a great contribution to human political civilization. By redefining the nature of political party and the political party system and introducing the three-dimensional framework about the party-state-society relations, this article combines the studies of political party with national governance researches, and focuses on analyzing new types of relationships between political parties and society, new forms of relationships between political parties, and new models of relationships between political parties and the state, in order to reconstruct the political theory about the new political party system, and provide certain reference and inspiration for enhancing the confidence in and governance effectiveness of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and producing an autonomous knowledge system of political science in China.