Abstract: With limited agricultural resources in China, it is of great significance to improve the efficiency of vegetable production for the security of supply. This research takes open-ground eggplant production for an example to calculate and analyse the vegetable production efficiency of 25 provinces separately by Data Envelope Analysis (DEA), Supper Efficiency DEA and K-means. The conclusions are as follows:first of all, improper scale of production is the main factor that prevents development of vegetable production in most provinces; secondly, some provinces in northwestern China have the advantages over other areas in regard to production efficiency; thirdly, 25 provinces can be divided into 5 production areas considering the differences in input, output and efficiency and for different areas there should be different development strategies.