Abstract: Effective examination and supervision over governments' full-covered budget is a cornerstone to standardize the exercise of administrative power and ensure the transparency of budget decisions. It is also the focus of the Eighteenth National Congress of Chinese Communist Party as well as the new budget law. However, there are still a lot of problems to be clarified both in theory and in practice. This article firstly teased out the connotation of full-covered budget review and supervision; secondly, based on the empirical research on China's Provincial People's Congresses' budget supervision exploration in recent years, this paper found that problems, such as fuzzy location of responsibilities, lag of current rules, unbalanced budget transparency among four budget books, and decentralization of budget allocation power, still exist, although great progress has been made in this field. Therefore, it is necessary for future reforms to treat public responsibility as the ultimate goal, and then promote the practice exploration from multiple latitudes, including improvement of cognition, amendments to laws and regulations, expansion of supervision ability, scientific and rational budget preparation, and cultivation of deputies enthusiasm. These will contribute to more effective full-covered budget examination and supervision for Provincial People's Congresses.