Abstract: The extensive mode of economic growth has gradually lost the room for further development. It is imperative to formulate an action plan for carbon neutrality to improve energy efficiency and change the mode of economic growth. Based on the contribution rate of carbon neutrality to economic growth, the paper uses the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method to test the various factors that affect energy efficiency, and analyze the correlation between the factors of energy endowment, institutional difference, opening-up level, economic density, location factor, capital factor, industrial structure, and energy efficiency. It is found that energy endowment and institutional differences are negatively correlated with energy efficiency, while economic density, location factor, opening-up level and capital factor are weakly and positively correlated with energy efficiency, and industrial structure is strongly and positively correlated with energy efficiency. Industrial structure can effectively reduce energy intensity and improve energy efficiency, and technology effect is the key to improve energy efficiency. In addition, different strategies such as increasing economic density, weakening administrative intervention and expanding the level of opening-up can better improve energy efficiency and promote the realization of the goal of carbon neutrality. Therefore, it is necessary to emphasize the intensive economic growth model in the energy-rich areas, while in the economically developed areas and areas with advantageous geographical locations, it is essential to economically adopt energy-saving technologies to improve energy efficiency.