Abstract: The outbreak risk of public health emergencies is the product of the extreme expansion of modern rationality, and can be regarded as the by-product of the extreme expansion of modernity in the course of human beings stepping into the risk society. This means, to a large extent, that human beings lack or seriously lack knowledge about their own risks. The risk society has become a new normal that national governance needs to face urgently, and the characteristics of modern risk, such as uncertainty, integrity, equality, and reflexivity, require more governance entities to cooperate and co-govern. The traditional “three-tier structure” of public health emergencies governance only focuses on the intra-state, and can no longer adapt to the modern risk society, for it separates the coordination between the government and social forces. To overcome the “organized irresponsibility”, the governance model of public health emergencies should be transformed into the “triangular structure”, and the traditional model of “government prevention” should be gradually changed to the new governance model of “coordinated prevention” by the three governance capacities of the government, social organizations, and individuals (communities).