Abstract: Government data opening is a new administrative task of the government in the digital smart era, but the current centralized opening model is difficult to meet the dual needs of data security and data availability. Government data opening empowered by blockchain is an inevitable trend in the era of big data. It improves the mutual trust of government data by consensus mechanism, ensures data security by encryption algorithm and enhances data availability by intelligent contracts. But as an emerging technology, the empowerment utility of blockchain can also trigger risks, including internal risks caused by imperfect blockchain technology and external risks caused by mismatch with legal systems. In this regard, legal regulation is a feasible way. First, in view of the internal risks caused by the blockchain enabling the government to open and share data, the blockchain risk regulation mechanism should be established from the legal level. Second, sandbox regulation and other trial-and-error mechanisms should be established for compliance risks enabled by blockchain due to legal lag. Thirdly, in view of the risk of interest capture caused by data gap, a multi-governance data governance system should be formed.