Abstract: Compared with the dominant role of “society” and “state” in the modernization process of developed countries, the strong leadership of the party plays a key role in the modernization process of developing countries. The leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC) is the distinctive characteristic and prominent advantage of Chinese modernization. In terms of generation, the proposition of Chinese modernization is closely related to the historical mission of the CPC. The great victory of the democratic revolution under the leadership of the CPC has provided the prerequisite for the initiation of Chinese modernization, and the CPC’s governance has promoted the formation and development of Chinese path to modernization. As for the characteristics, the traits of Chinese modernization, such as people-centeredness, parallelism, are closely associated with the CPC’s qualities such as value orientation and system concept. At the same time, the advancement of Chinese modernization prompts the CPC to make continuous changes, and the CPC’s governance level and capability have been strengthened and enhanced, while the CPC promotes self-revolution and improves its own capacity building.