Abstract: The report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) stressed the need to “enhance the capacity for disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief, and for responding to and providing support during major public emergencies”. The meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee in April 2023 advocated for proactive and steady progress in the construction of “dual-use” (for both peacetime and emergencies) public infrastructure. The 2024 government work report specifically highlighted the active development of new growth engines such as low-altitude economy. The construction of an aviation emergency rescue system is an important support for promoting the construction of dual-use infrastructure, fostering the development of low-altitude economy, and improving emergency response capabilities. At present, what are the prominent problems in the construction of China’s aviation emergency rescue system? How should it be strategically constructed to realize the goals of “dual-use” and emergency support for difficult situations and emergencies? From the perspective of balancing development and security imperatives, this paper investigates current status and issues of China’s aviation emergency rescue system, and proposes a strategy triangle based on low-altitude economy, facilities and equipment with the help of the analytical framework of “scenario-task-capability”. Furthermore, it offers policy recommendations on the implementation path of the development of low-altitude economy, legal support, air-ground coordination, and the optimization of facilities and equipment.