Abstract: Aviation medical rescue is the application of aviation emergency rescue in the medical field. Using aircraft to offer emergency medical services to provide life and health support for critical patients, especially in major injuries of emergencies, can win golden rescue time for patients. Based on existing literature, government documents, survey and interviews, conferences materials, and public data, etc., the paper examines the development process, important events, experiences and lessons learned, problems and countermeasures of aviation medical rescue in China, and finds that although aviation medical rescue in China has made great progress, it is still far away from the needs of the public. The study shows that aviation medical rescue in China is mainly inter-hospital transport with diverse operation modes and diverse rescue forces involved in medical rescue, and medical rescue agencies compete in funds, technology, strategy, policy, management and other aspects. There is a big gap between aviation medical rescue in China and that of the international community, and aviation medical rescue in China still has some problems such as imperfect system, complicated procedures, fewer rescue forces and insufficient funds. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of leading institutions, funding sources, policy support, technical resources guarantee, etc., and to improve the capacity of aviation medical rescue in emergencies, and the capacity of aviation first aid and aviation medical transport in medical emergency rescues.