Abstract: The reform focus of the ecological civilization system lies in the paid utilization of natural resource assets. It is the logical starting point of constructing the system of paid use of natural resource assets to clarify the concept connotation of natural resource assets from three aspects: basic attribute, resource utilization and expression form. At the macro level, the imbalance between public power regulation and private rights protection is the main reasons that block the paid use of natural resource assets. In practice, the confusion of the value accounting system, the vagueness of the scope of use and the extensive way of use are the real reasons for promoting the paid use of natural resource assets to the road of legalization. To construct the paid use system of natural resource assets from the dimension of rule of law, it should focus on “public right control” and “private right autonomy”, and accurately explain the legal concept of natural resource assets; specify the scope of natural resource assets that are allowed to be used with compensation; establish a revenue sharing mechanism for natural resource assets; improve the procedural rules for the paid use of natural resource assets, in order to provide institutional guarantees for safeguarding the rights and interests of national owners and building a beautiful China.