Abstract: Public lands owned by the U.S. federal or state governments are state-owned natural resource assets in the U.S., the rule of law experience in ownership management involves three principles: Firstly, classifying the ownership of natural resources according to the difficulty of management and different value objectives, accordingly establishing different rights; Secondly, legalizing, professionalizing, and scientizing the management agencies responsible for the ownership of public lands; Thirdly, coordinating the relationship between government and the market by clarifying the ownership and regulatory rights of natural resources. The national ownership system of natural resource assets in China is an important part of China’s constitution. Managing ownership is not only necessary to rely on administrative measures and strengthen the professionalization and scientization of management, but also to leverage the role of the market; while adhering to the premise of socialist public ownership, respecting the multi-purpose nature of natural resource assets, promoting the separation of ownership and usage rights of natural resource assets based on the needs of economic and social development, realizing the diverse value of natural resource assets, and safeguarding the rights and interests of owners.