Abstract: In the course of world history, capitalist large-scale industry, although it has applied science and natural forces to the production process, has promoted the progress of productive forces and the promotion of technology. However, because the capitalist production takes value multiplication as the ultimate goal, it has become the shackle of the development of productive forces and the source of the pollution and destruction of the ecological environment, thus resulting in the inevitable “natural paradox”. The exploitative nature and infinite expansion of capital have prompted it to abuse and plunder the ecological environment endlessly. In the process of making full use of the ecological environment, capitalist reproduction has caused the “material transformation and fracture” between man and nature and between man and man, resulting in various “urban diseases” and “civilization diseases”. In the face of the “natural paradox” of capitalism and the “disease of civilization” caused by it, the green development path of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era adheres to and develops Marxist theory, lays an institutional foundation for high-quality development and high-level protection by firmly following the socialist path, and promotes the integration of environmental justice and social justice. It plays an important role in the green revolution of the future society.