Abstract: As a crucial governance instrument in the process of Chinese-style modernization, the formulation and implementation of successive Five-Year Plans have effectively advanced the development of Chinese-style modernization. Exploring the evolutionary trajectory of the Five-Year Plans within the course of Chinese-style modernization, and grasping the scientific thinking and practical logic embedded therein, contributes to a deeper understanding of the strategic considerations and operational mechanisms underlying the setting of phased modernization goals, thereby highlighting the distinctive advantages of Chinese-style modernization.At the level of scientific thinking, the Five-Year Plans rely on strategic thinking to position modernization within the overarching context of the times, adhere to historical thinking to grasp the evolutionary characteristics of different modernization stages, and employ systemic thinking to integrate the multidimensional framework of modernization development. Examining the evolutionary thread of the Five-Year Plans in shaping the landscape of modernization—from the directive planning that laid the foundation for the initial modernization framework, to the guidance-oriented planning that activated endogenous momentum, and further to the strategic planning that promotes systematic modernization—the historical evolution of the Five-Year Plans reflects both the transformation of national governance models and the deepening connotation of modernization itself.Interpreting the action strategies through which the Five-Year Plans drive Chinese-style modernization, the key lies in adhering to the leadership of the Communist Party of China, formulating farsighted overarching designs, leveraging the institutional advantage of concentrating resources to accomplish major undertakings, and ensuring the steady and sustained progress of Chinese-style modernization through dynamic evaluation and adjustment mechanisms.