Abstract: For a long time, civil aviation transportation has been exempt from the the regulation of antitrust law. However, under the natural monoply mechanism, it has turned out to be lowly efficient and profitable. As the establshment and improvement of market economy system, more and more doubts are thrown upon natural monoply industries. Moreover, some traditional industries has introduced the competition mechanism. From the author-s point of view, civil aviation transportation should be considered as one of the industries that bring in competition mechanism. Due to its peculiarities, cautious attitude shall be taken toward the mechanism establishment and the enactment and perfect of relavant laws and regulations will be the key factor.