Abstract: The interest balancing is the target of Intellectual Property institution. The interest balancing principle is rooted in the differences between the natural attributes of intellectual property and tangible property, and intellectual property right and property right. Intellectual property institution is regulated by law in a larger scale. Pound's social interest theory which regards law as a way of harmonizing the interest conflicts provides the philosophical base for interest balancing principle. At the same time through defining the IP as a private right and promoting the dealing of IP to realize the maximum benefit supplies the economic support for interest balancing principle.