Abstract: The planning and adjusting of the structure of graduate students enrollment, as an important part for the strategic planning of graduate education in scientific research institutes, should serve the current and future strategic planning of disciplines in scientific research institutes, meet the demands for building a team of talents in scientific research institutes, and be adapted so as to satisfy the requirements for talents' majors and comprehensive qualities in the whole society. This paper, taking Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences as an example, focuses on many questions in the planning of the structure of graduate students enrollment, including the proportions of masters and doctors, the proportions of students for master-doctor combined programs and those applying for or transferring to doctor programs in advance, the proportions of students in different disciplines, the proportions of students fostered to be different talents, etc.