Abstract: The liability of carriers is the core of the legal issues in international air transportation . In order to protect the growing aviation industry, the 1929 Warsaw Convention adopted fault presumed liability rules and set a low limitation of compensation. The 1999 Montreal Convention has wholly improved overall limitation of compensation, and adopted the strict liability rule, dual gradient liability and set the limit periodic review mechanism, and for the first time provided the advanced payment system. By comparing these two Conventions, we can find helpful implications for improving the relevant provisions in China.