Abstract: This paper will introduce and discuss some problems on water pollution control of the Taihu Lake, and try to give explanations and suggestions under a study framework on balance of interests. The author will mainly discuss the rights and obligations between the enterprises and citizens during the process of water pollution control, and analyze the imbalance of interest setup from three separate perspectives, corporate interest, citizen interest, and public policy preferences. On this basis, the third part of this paper will give explanations on the reasons of that imbalance of interest setup in terms of public administration, such as GDP government's performance evaluation and obstacles to implementing and enforcing environmental laws, etc. It is vital to rebuild the interest coordination mechanism by implementing a scientific outlook on development, guaranteeing the basic rights of citizens, encouraging public participation, etc.