Abstract: The new rural cooperative medical system is a systematic and complex project for the benefit of the people. It is one of the most important parts of the social security system, and plays an indispensable role in protecting the health of farmers, and in promoting rural economic and social development. Though the new rural cooperative medical system has made certain achievements and fully played its role under the support of government policy, there are still many problems in the course of its operation in Gansu province. For instance, the imbalance of farmers-per capita income with the rising health care costs, the local governments-financing difficulties, the medical and sanitation infrastructure backwardness, etc. This paper presents the countermeasures which can solve the current problems, such as controlling medical costs-unreasonable growth, establishing a scientific and funding mechanism, strengthening rural health services, improving the quality of the health staff, stepping up publicity efforts, encouraging active participation, and so on. The rural cooperation medical system can effectively operate and this system will have a long and sustainable development through use of a set of solutions.