Abstract: By classifying and illustrating the different schools in the spheres of linguistics, translation and cultural studies as well as their directions of development, this paper holds that these schools can generally be categorized into Scientism, Humanism and Dialectical idealism, according to their study of science and man in the position of philosophy. Analyzing the causes of the conflicts of these modern linguistic and translation philosophies will help us to understand better the nature of these schools and their future development.