Abstract: Though occupying a great part in each nation's spiritual heritage, the concept of "fortune and woe" displays a variety of characteristics in different national cultures. Originated from human's primitive spiritual experiences, the concept of "fortune and woe" now has apparently changed with the developing steps of history and society. Both Russia and China have rich contents pertaining to the concept of "fortune and woe", which powerfully reflects unique personalities, national spirits, and different religious backgrounds in these two nations. As standardized linguistic units, idioms and proverbs undoubtedly can be treated as products into which national wits condense, as well as the essence that our ideas are reflected in the languages. Additionally, they are effectively dedicated to a novel perspective to demonstrate different outlooks on world and values in Russia and China.