Abstract: In the process of building an innovative country and strengthening the army with S&T, optimal allocation of Aeronautics & Astronautics resources is the important support and driving force about the National Defense Science and technology progress and economics. How to optimize Aeronautics & Astronautics science and technology resource allocation efficiency, rely on scientific and technological progress and innovation to speed up the changes in the formation of combat effectiveness and economic development mode is the major strategic issues to solve. But at present, regional imbalance of China's aeronautics & astronautics science and technology resources allocation efficiency is obvious, for the next step we should exploit potentialities, pay attention to the long term effectiveness of investment in science and technology, strengthen the innovation of science and technology, and constantly optimize the science and technology resources allocation efficiency.