Dual Dimensions and Internal Transcendence of Marx's Criticism of ModernityAn Analysis Primarily Based on Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844

Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 represents Marx's first comprehensive text critiquing capitalist modernity. Marx's criticism of modernity unfolds along the dual dimensions of concept and reality. In the dimension of concept criticism, Marx tried to dismantle the ideological illusion of capitalist modernity, revealing the abstraction of Hegel's philosophy, the vulgarity of classial political economy, and the illusion of early communism. In the dimension of reality criticism, Marx unveiled the real defects of capitalist modernity, criticizing the root of alienated labor, the logic of capital operation, and the fetishim of money. On the basis of the maturity of subjective and objective conditions, with the promotion of the communist movement and the guidance of the new modernity goal, modernity will ultimately transcend the form of capitalist modernity and transition to the stage of socialist modernity, thereby achieving the internal transcendence of modernity development.