Community Safety Resilience Evaluation and Holistic Governance from the Perspective of Human-Land Relations

Building communities with safety resilience is an important issue in strengthening the foundation for urban safety and development, the core of which lies in the coordination and balance of human-land relations. Existing studies mainly focus on the level of resilience, while paying insufficient attention to the balance of internal structures. Taking B Subdistrict in Beijing as a case study, this research constructs a community safety resilience evaluation model from the perspective of human-land relations, introduces a structural imbalance penalty factor to revise the indicator system, and evaluates community safety resilience based on geospatial big data and questionnaire survey data. The results show that communities exhibiting relatively high resilience under traditional weighted evaluation do not necessarily possess genuinely high levels of safety resilience. After introducing the structural balance correction, the overall resilience of some communities is significantly weakened due to the imbalance between social-spatial resilience and physical-spatial resilience. Mechanism analysis further reveals that such structural imbalance mainly stems from the lag between social mobilization capacity and spatial resource supply, as well as the insufficient coupling between spatial facility layouts and embedded social governance functions. In the future, holistic governance oriented toward structural balance should be promoted to enhance community safety resilience through factor coordination, structural coupling, and functional matching.