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摘要:
针对目前基于深度神经网络的柱塞泵故障诊断方法在小样本条件下精度低、模型欠拟合问题,提出一种小样本条件下基于孪生神经网络的柱塞泵故障诊断方法。搭建了柱塞泵故障实验台,采集柱塞泵在不同健康状态下的壳体振动信号;使用由卷积层和池化层组成孪生子网络自适应地从原始振动信号中提取低维特征,使用欧式距离判定输入样本对的特征相似度;通过相似度对比的方法扩大训练样本数量并训练孪生神经网络模型;最后,对测试样本进行健康状态识别。实验结果表明:与传统深度神经相比,所提方法在小样本情况下具有更高的准确率。同时,多通道数据融合实验表明:所提方法能够从不同通道的信号中学习到有关故障信息,多通道数据融合可以进一步提高诊断准确率。
Abstract:Aiming at the problems of low accuracy and under-fitting in current fault diagnosis methods for piston pumps based on deep neural networks with small samples, a new fault diagnosis method for piston pumps based on Siamese neural networks was proposed. A test bench for piston pumps was built to collect the vibration signals of the pump housing under different health states. The convolution layers and pooling layers were used to construct the Siamese sub network and adaptively extract low-dimensional features from the raw vibration signals. The similarity of the input sample pairs was determined by Euclidean distance to expand training samples, train the Siamese neural network model. And finally identify the health states on the testing dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that compared with traditional deep neural networks, the proposed method has higher diagnosis accuracy with small samples. In addition, data fusion experiments show that the proposed method can learn relevant fault information from signals in different channels, which can improve the accuracy of the fault diagnosis.
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Key words:
- piston pump /
- convolution neural network /
- Siamese neural network /
- small sample /
- fault diagnosis /
- data fusion
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表 1 被测泵的额定参数
Table 1. Rated parameters of tested pump
参数 数值 柱塞数 9 排量/(mL·r−1) 1.2 额定转速/(r·min−1) 1 000 出口压力/MPa 21 进口压力/MPa 0.25 表 2 被测泵的健康状态、故障注入方式与状态标签
Table 2. Health states, fault injection modes and labels of tested pump
健康状态 注入方式/ mm 标签 正常 0 滑靴副轻度磨损 摩擦副间隙0.05 1 滑靴副中度磨损 摩擦副间隙0.15 2 滑靴副严重磨损 摩擦副间隙0.20 3 配流副轻度磨损 转子弹簧剪短1.0 4 配流副中度磨损 转子弹簧剪短3.6 5 配流副严重磨损 转子弹簧剪短5.6 6 表 3 孪生神经网络主要结构参数
Table 3. Main structural parameters of Siamese neural network
网络层 关键参数 激活函数 卷积层1 卷积核为32,数目为16,步长为8 ReLU 池化层1 池化核为2 卷积层2 卷积核为3,数目为16,步长为1 ReLU 池化层2 池化核为2 卷积层3 卷积核为2,数目为32,步长为1 ReLU 池化层3 池化核为2 卷积层4 卷积核为3,数目为32,步长为1 ReLU 池化层4 池化核为2 卷积层5 卷积核为3,数目为64,步长为1 ReLU 池化层5 池化核为2 全连接层 神经元数量为100 sigmoid 输出层 神经元数量为1 sigmoid 表 4 数据集划分
Table 4. Data set division
健康状态 状态标签 训练集数量 测试集数量 正常 0 600 30 滑靴副轻度磨损 1 600 30 滑靴副中度磨损 2 600 30 滑靴副严重磨损 3 600 30 配流副轻度磨损 4 600 30 配流副中度磨损 5 600 30 配流副严重磨损 6 600 30 表 5 不同训练样本数量下对各模型的诊断结果
Table 5. Diagnosis results of models under different number of training samples
诊断模型 不同训练样本数量下的识别准确率/% 35 70 140 210 280 350 490 700 1 400 2 100 2 800 3 500 4 200 SVM 34.00 43.14 50.59 60.00 64.10 67.14 75.14 83.24 95.62 98.95 99.80 99.90 100 1D-CNN 36.95 56.95 63.43 89.14 88.86 92.76 97.14 90.86 97.14 98.10 99.90 98.29 100 本文所提方法 70.86 78.38 90.67 91.71 91.43 93.52 95.14 94.68 97.71 98.57 98.67 99.90 100 表 6 不同通道数量下的诊断结果
Table 6. Diagnosis results under different number of channels
诊断模型 不同训练样本数量下的识别准确率/% 35 70 140 210 280 350 490 700 1 400 2 100 2 800 3 500 4 200 单通道 70.86 78.38 90.67 91.71 91.43 93.52 95.14 94.86 97.71 98.57 98.67 99.90 100 双通道 70.34 91.24 96.48 96.10 98.67 98.57 97.90 98.67 99.90 99.24 98.86 99.24 99.43 三通道 72.57 96.10 97.43 98.86 99.62 99.62 100 100 100 99.90 100 99.90 100 -
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