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摘要:
为满足星载相控阵天线多热源、高功耗、大功率密度散热问题，设计了由外敷热管和预埋热管组成的十字交叉热管网络，将点热源转化为面热源，同时借助U型热管耦合+Z板与±Y板，强化蜂窝板间换热，通过有限元模型对整星进行热流分析，并进行试验验证。仿真结果表明：U型热管传导了32.9%的相控阵天线热耗，其中66.6%传导至处于阴影区的+Y板，33.4%传导至处于阳照区的−Y板。试验结果表明：整星在长时峰值工作模式下，热管自身温差小于1 ℃，相控阵天线温度满足接口要求。热管网络满足整星长时峰值工作散热能力需求，多次十字交叉热管网络得到验证，U型热管耦合+Z板和±Y板，解决了单个蜂窝板散热能力不足问题。
Abstract:The crisscross heat pipe network was designed to convert the point heat source into a surface heat source in order to meet the heat rejection of multiple heat sources, high power dissipation, and large power density of the satellite phased array antennas, consisting of external heat pipes and embedded heat pipes, Additionally, U-shaped heat pipes coupling +Z panel and ±Y panel were used to strengthen the heat transfer between honeycomb panels, the satellite heat flow was analyzed by finite element model and experimentally verified. The simulation results show that the U-shaped heat pipes conduct 32.9% of the satellite phased array antennas heat dissipation, of which 66.6% is conducted to the +Y panel in the shaded region and 33.4% to the −Y panel in the sunlight region. According to the experimental findings, phased array antennas' temperatures meet interface requirements and the temperature differential between the heat pipes was less than 1 °C during the satellite's long-term peak operating mode. The heat pipe network meets the heat rejection of the satellite long-time peak working mode, the crisscross heat pipe network has been verified, and the U-shaped heat pipes couple +Z panel and ±Y panels, which solves the problem of insufficient heat rejection of single honeycomb panel.
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Key words:
- phased array antennas /
- heat transfer path /
- heat pipe network /
- finite elements /
- heat flow analysis
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图 3 到达蜂窝板太阳辐照和地球反照平均值
Figure 3. Average solar irradiation and albedo reached on satellite panels
图 9 热管网络传热路径测温点
Figure 9. Heat pipe network heat transfer path temperature measurement points
表 1 Ka频段相控阵天线工作模式及热耗
Table 1. Ka band phased arrray antenna working mode and heat dissipation
W 类型 工作模式 热耗 侧面 底面 合计 相控阵收发天线 待机/复位/波束关/在轨重构 47 29 76 接收关/发射波束1 112 51 163 接收关/发射波束2 112 51 163 接收关/发射双波束 177 77 254 接收开/发射波束1 156 54 210 接收开/发射波束2 156 54 210 接收开/发射合波束/双波束 196 104 300 相控阵发射天线 待机/复位/波束关/在轨重构 15 24 39 发射波束1 100 50 150 发射波束2 100 50 150 双波束/合波束 175 95 270 
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表 2 各蜂窝板面积
Table 2. Area of each honeycomb panel
m2 类型 总面积 延展板面积 +X 0.78 0.26 −X 0.78 0.26 +Y 1.30 −Y 1.30 +Z 2.00 0.58 −Z 2.08 1.36
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表 3 到达蜂窝板地球红外热流密度
Table 3. Infrared reached on satellite panels
W/m2 β 红外热流密度 +X +Y +Z −X −Y −Z −90°~90° 51.0 43.0 183.2 49.7 44.0 0
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热控涂层 α（寿命初期） α（寿命末期） ε KS-ZA 0.13 0.22 0.92 OSR 0.08 0.13 0.79
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表 5 各蜂窝板在轨寿命末期平均散热能力（20 ℃）
Table 5. Average heat rejection at end of each honeycomb panel’s life ( 20 ℃)
W/m2 热控涂层 类型 散热能力 KS-ZA +X 295.8 OSR +Y 247.0 KS-ZA +Z 179.9 −X 294.4 OSR −Y 246.0 −Z 300.0
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表 6 仿真工况下蜂窝板热耗分布
Table 6. Heat dissipation distribution of honeycomb panels under simulation conditions
W 类型 热耗 −X蜂窝板 194.1 +X蜂窝板 189.1 +Y蜂窝板 72.8 −Y蜂窝板 34.6 +Z蜂窝板 757.5 −Z蜂窝板 876.6
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表 7 相控阵天线热流分布
Table 7. Phased array antenna heat flow distribution
W 类型 相控阵收发
天线1相控阵收发
天线2相控阵
发射天线向空间辐射 −69.3 −67.8 −44.3 向+Z板传导 −120.2 −122.1 −32.7 向+Z板辐射 −4.1 −4.4 −1.7 吸收外热流 37.0 36.0 24.0 WF_XKZSF1/2_1
(WF_XKZFS_1)−19.3 −18.1 −9.3 WF_XKZSF1/2_2
(WF_XKZFS_2)−18.0 −16.8 −17.0 WF_XKZSF1/2_3
(WF_XKZFS_3)−19.6 −14.2 −21.1 WF_XKZSF1/2_4
(WF_XKZFS_4)−21.4 −11.2 −10.3 WF_XKZSF1/2_5
(WF_XKZFS_5)−19.0 −20.3 −17.1 WF_XKZSF1/2_6
(WF_XKZFS_6)−17.2 −19.5 −20.5 WF_XKZSF1/2_7 −14.8 −20.7 WF_XKZSF1/2_8 −14.1 −20.9 内热源 300.0 300.0 150.0
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表 8 热管传导功率
Table 8. Heat pipe conduction power
W 序号 类型 传导功率 1 YM_+Z1 41.2 2 YM_+Z2 86.2 3 YM_+Z3 41.9 4 YM_+Z4 14.6 5 YM_+Z5 43.2 6 YM_+Z6 90.2 7 YM_+Z7 41.5 8 WF_U1 39.3 9 WF_U2 47.7 10 WF_U3 35.9 11 WF_U4 36.9 12 WF_U5 50.2 13 WF_U6 37.3 14 YM_+Y1 51.9 15 YM_+Y2 40.2 16 YM_+Y3 15.7 17 YM_−Y1 31.2 18 YM_−Y2 11.0 19 YM_−Y3 3.7 20 WF_L1 15.2 21 WF_L2 18.4 22 WF_L3 19.4 23 WF_L4 16.0
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表 9 蜂窝板间热流分布
Table 9. Heat flow distribution between honeycomb panels
W 类型 空间辐射散热 吸收外热流 U型热管传导 L型热管传导 太阳帆板 舱内蜂窝板间辐射 +Z板 −773.5 396.9 −247.3 4.8 −36.5 −Z板 −927.0 246.6 69.0 0.3 44.6 +Y板 −212.7 31.0 164.8 −33.5 10.5 −2.0 −Y板 −228.0 159.3 82.5 −35.5 11.5 −2.0
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表 10 十字交叉热管网络温度分布
Table 10. The crisscross heat pipe networks temperature distribution
℃ 热管 位置 稳态温度 T10 YM_+Z2+Y侧 32.3 T11 YM_+Z2−Y侧 32.9 T12 YM_+Z3 35.8 T13 YM_+Z5 37.9 T14 YM_+Z6+Y侧 32.0 T15 YM_+Z6−Y侧 32.2 T17 WF_XKZSF1_2 43.7 T19 WF_XKZSF1_4 38.6 T21 WF_XKZSF1_5 47.3 T23 WF_XKZSF1_7 43.5 T25 WF_XKZSF2_2 46.7 T27 WF_XKZSF2_4 45.8 T29 WF_XKZSF2_5 47.2 T31 WF_XKZSF2_7 37.6 T33 WF_XKZFS_2 40.9 T35 WF_XKZFS_5 42.4 T36 YM_+Z1 30.0 T37 YM_+Z7 30.1 T38 YM_+Z4 45.0
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表 11 热管传导网络温度分布
Table 11. Heat pipe networks temperature distribution
℃ 名称 位置 稳态温度 热管本体温差 T49 WF_L2+Y侧 21.6 0.4 T50 WF_L2−Z侧 21.2 0.4 T55 WF_L4−Y侧 22.3 0.4 T56 WF_L4−Z侧 22.7 0.4 T67 WF_U1+Y侧 27.7 0.4 T68 WF_U1+Z侧 27.8 0.4 T69 WF_U1−Y侧 28.1 0.4 T70 WF_U2+Y侧 31.9 0.6 T71 WF_U2+Z侧 32.1 0.6 T72 WF_U2−Y侧 31.5 0.6 T73 WF_U3+Y侧 34.1 0.4 T74 WF_U3+Z侧 34.5 0.4 T75 WF_U3−Y侧 34.5 0.4 T76 WF_U4+Y侧 34.5 0.4 T77 WF_U4+Z侧 34.9 0.4 T78 WF_U4−Y侧 34.6 0.4 T51 WF_L1+Y侧 22.0 0.2 T52 WF_L1−Z侧 22.2 0.2 T57 WF_L3−Y侧 23.6 0.2 T58 WF_L3−Z侧 23.4 0.2 T79 WF_U5+Y侧 30.2 1.0 T80 WF_U5+Z侧 30.4 1.0 T81 WF_U5−Y侧 31.2 1.0 T82 WF_U6+Y侧 29.0 0.1 T83 WF_U6+Z侧 29.0 0.1 T84 WF_U6−Y侧 29.1 0.1
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