北斗卫星反射信号岸基海面高度反演精度的评估

张云; 赵乐久; 孟婉婷; 秦瑾; 盛志超; 杨树瑚

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2021.0412

北斗卫星反射信号岸基海面高度反演精度的评估

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2021.0412

张云^{1, 2},
赵乐久^{1, 2},
孟婉婷³,
秦瑾³,
盛志超³,
杨树瑚^{1, 2, ,}

1.
上海海洋大学信息学院，上海 201306
2.
上海海洋大学上海海洋智能信息与导航遥感工程中心，上海 201306
3.
上海航天电子技术研究所，上海 201109

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(41871325)；国家重点研发计划(87654)

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail： shyang@shou.edu.cn

中图分类号: V221⁺.3；TB553
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-20
- 录用日期: 2021-10-11
- 网络出版日期: 2022-02-23
- 整期出版日期: 2023-05-31

Evaluation of accuracy of shore-based sea surface height inversion based on Beidou satellite reflected signals

ZHANG Yun^{1, 2},
ZHAO Lejiu^{1, 2},
MENG Wanting³,
QIN Jin³,
SHENG Zhichao³,
YANG Shuhu^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
College of Information Technology，Shanghai Ocean University，Shanghai 201306，China
2.
Shanghai Marine Intelligent Information and Navigation Remote Sensing Engineering Technology Research Center，Shanghai Ocean University，Shanghai 201306，China
3.
Shanghai Spaceflight Institute of TT&C and Telecommunication， Shanghai 201109，China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (41871325); National Key R & D Program of China (87654)

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：shyang@shou.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
北斗B3I信号作为新一代民用码，相较于北斗B1I信号，具有码速率更高、码片宽度更窄等特点。目前，利用北斗卫星导航系统反射测量(BDS-R)技术对北斗B3I信号进行海面高度反演的研究较少。基于此，在2020年9月7日山东威海附近海域，接收B1I/B3I双频段的直射和反射信号数据，分别采用时延-多普勒(DDM)和载波相位延迟进行岸基海面高度反演。通过实测的同比数据验证反演精度，在信号特性和测高方法2个维度评估北斗B1I和B3I信号海面高度反演的性能。结果显示：采用DDM测高方法，B1I频段和B3I频段的反演结果与实测数据的平均绝对误差和均方根误差分别为1.18 m、1.48 m和0.84 m、1.10 m；采用载波相位延迟测高方法，B1I频段和B3I频段的反演结果与实测数据的平均绝对误差和均方根误差分别为0.12 m、0.15 m和0.10 m、0.12 m。由于信号特性差异，B3I频段的DDM测高结果相较于B1I频段的测高结果精度提高了28%；B3I频段的载波相位延迟测高结果精度略优于B1I频段，两者差异不明显。实验对北斗B1I和B3I信号特性和测高方法导致的反演精度差异的评估，证明了B1I和B3I反射信号均能适用于海面高度反演的需求。
- 北斗卫星导航系统反射测量 /
- 岸基 /
- 时延-多普勒 /
- 载波相位延迟 /
- 海面高度反演 /
- 精度评估
Abstract:
Beidou B3I signal, a new generation of civil code, has a higher rate and narrower chip width compared with B1I signal. Currently,there are few studies on the retrieval of sea surface height from B3I signals by using the Beidou reflected signal (BDS-R) technology and no relevant experimental results and accuracy evaluation.This paper usesthe direct and reflected signal data of the B1I/B3I dual band received by the receiver in the sea area near Weihai, Shandong on September 7, 2020, and adopts the delay-Doppler-map (DDM) and carrier phase delay methods respectively to carry out shore-based sea surface height retrieval. The measured data was used to confirm the retrieval’s accuracy, and the performance of the B1I and B3I signals’ sea surface height retrieval was assessed in terms of both their signal characteristics and their height measuring technique.The results show that the mean absolute error/root mean square error of B1I and B3I are 1.18 m/1.48 m and 0.84 m/1.10 m using DDM. The mean absolute error/root mean square error are 0.12 m/0.15 m and 0.10 m/0.12 m respectively using carrier phase delay.Due to the difference in signal characteristics, the accuracy of DDM altimetry B3I is 28% higher than that of B1I, and the accuracy of carrier phase delay altimetry B3I is slightly better than that of B1I, with no obvious difference between the two.Both B1I and B3I reflected signals are demonstrated to be suitable for retrieving sea surface height in this experiment, which compares the differences in retrieval accuracy between B1I and B3I related to signal characteristics and altimetry method.
- Beidou reflected signal /
- shore-based /
- delay-Doppler-map /
- carrier phase delay /
- sea surface height retrieval /
- accuracy evaluation

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图 1 岸基BDS-R海面高度反演示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of shore-based BDS-R sea surface height retrieval

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图 2 B1I频段和B3I频段生成的DDM相关功率图

Figure 2. DDM correlation power diagram generated by B1I and B3I frequency bands

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图 3 B1I频段和B3I频段DDM多普勒维度为0的时延一维功率谱切片

Figure 3. Slice of B1I and B3I frequency bands DDM time-delay one-dimensional power spectrum when Doppler is 0

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图 4 岸基BDS-R DDM海面高度反演方法流程

Figure 4. Flow chart of shore-based BDS-R DDM sea surface height retrieval method

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图 5 B3I频段直射和反射I、Q相关支路波形

Figure 5. Waveforms of I and Q related branches of direct and reflection in B3I frequency band

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图 6 B3I频段码延迟和相位延迟对比

Figure 6. Comparison of code delay and phase delay in B3I frequency band

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图 7 岸基BDS-R载波相位延迟海面高度反演方法流程

Figure 7. Flow chart of shore-based BDS-R carrier phase delay sea surface height retrieval method

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图 8 实验场景

Figure 8. Experimental scene

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图 9 实验卫星天顶图和卫星仰角图

Figure 9. Experimental satellite zenith and elevation angle

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图 10 镜面反射点移动轨迹

Figure 10. Movement trajectory of specular reflection points

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图 11 2020年9月7日08:18—10:41（LT）时刻C10、C13、C19、C22卫星B1I和B3I频段DDM反演与同比数据对比结果

Figure 11. Comparison of B1I and B3I frequency bands DDM retrieval results and measured heights of C10, C13, C19 and C22 satellites at 08:18—10:40 September 7, 2020 (LT)

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图 12 2020年9月7日08:55—10:07（LT）时刻B1I和B3I频段载波相位延迟反演与同比数据对比结果

Figure 12. Comparison of B1I and B3I frequency bands carrier phase delay retrieval results and measureed heights at 08:55—10:07 September 7, 2020 (LT)

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表 1 北斗B1I和B3I信号对比

Table 1. Comparison of Beidou B1I signals and B3I signals

北斗信号	标称载波频率/MHz	带宽/MHz	波长/m	调制方式	伪码速率/MHz	码片个数	码片宽度/μs
北斗B1I信号	1561.098	4.092	0.192	BPSK	2.046	2046	0.489
北斗B3I信号	1268.52	20.46	0.237	BPSK	10.23	10230	0.098

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表 2 实验相关参数

Table 2. Experimental parameter

天线架设经纬度	反射天线倾角/（°）	天线架杆长度/m	天线方位角/（°）	直射/反射天线垂直高度差/m
37°32′2.4839″ N，122°2′44.1544″ E	42	5.45	200	0.379

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表 3 实验风速数据

Table 3. Experimental wind speed data

采集时间	风速/（m·s⁻¹）	瞬时风向
08:13	7.1	西北
08:31	7.9	西北
08:50	7	西北
09:11	9.5	西北
09:27	9.8	西北
09:46	8.2	西北
10:00	10.8	西北
10:17	10	西北
10:33	11.7	西北

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表 4 DDM测高方法B1I和B3I频段卫星精度分析

Table 4. DDM height measuring method for B1I and B3I frequency bands accuracy analysis

卫星号	卫星高度角/（°）	MAE/m		RMSE/m
卫星号	卫星高度角/（°）	B1I	B3I	B1I	B3I
C10	59.1~47.2	1.16	0.88	1.41	1.14
C13	49.3~49.9	1.51	1.02	1.62	1.19
C19	45.9~50.4	1.49	0.84	1.82	1.03
C22	51.0~67.7	0.86	0.71	1.08	0.86
全体数据集		1.18	0.84	1.48	1.10

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表 5 载波相位延迟测高方法B1I和B3I频段卫星精度分析

Table 5. Carrier phase delay height measuring method for B1I and B3I frequency bands accuracy analysis m

反演频段	卫星号	MAE	RMSE
B1I	全体数据集	0.12	0.15
B3I	全体数据集	0.10	0.12

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