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基于改进YOLOv5s的安全帽检测算法

赵睿 刘辉 刘沛霖 雷音 李达

赵睿,刘辉,刘沛霖,等. 基于改进YOLOv5s的安全帽检测算法[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报,2023,49(8):2050-2061 doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2021.0595
引用本文: 赵睿,刘辉,刘沛霖,等. 基于改进YOLOv5s的安全帽检测算法[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报,2023,49(8):2050-2061 doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2021.0595
ZHAO R,LIU H,LIU P L,et al. Safety helmet detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv5s[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2023,49(8):2050-2061 (in Chinese) doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2021.0595
Citation: ZHAO R,LIU H,LIU P L,et al. Safety helmet detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv5s[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2023,49(8):2050-2061 (in Chinese) doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2021.0595

基于改进YOLOv5s的安全帽检测算法

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2021.0595
详细信息
    通讯作者:

    E-mail:1852024027@qq.com

  • 中图分类号: TP391.41;TP183

Safety helmet detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv5s

More Information
  • 摘要:

    针对现有安全帽检测算法难以检测小目标、密集目标等缺点,提出一种基于YOLOv5s的安全帽检测改进算法。采用DenseBlock模块来代替主干网络中的切片结构,提升网络的特征提取能力;在网络颈部检测层加入SE-Net通道注意力模块,引导模型更加关注小目标信息的通道特征,以提升对小目标的检测性能;对数据增强方式进行改进,丰富小尺度样本数据集;增加一个检测层以便能更好地学习密集目标的多级特征,从而提高模型应对复杂密集场景的能力。此外,构建一个面向密集目标及远距离小目标的安全帽检测数据集。实验结果表明:所提改进算法比原始YOLOv5s算法平均精确率(mAP@0.5)提升6.57%,比最新的YOLOX-L及PP-YOLOv2算法平均精确率分别提升1.05%与1.21%,在密集场景及小目标场景下具有较强的泛化能力。

     

  • 图 1  YOLOv5s算法网络结构

    Figure 1.  YOLOv5s algorithm network structure

    图 2  Focus结构

    Figure 2.  Focus structure

    图 3  DenseBlock模块结构

    Figure 3.  DenseBlock module structure

    图 4  DenseBlock模块替换Focus结构

    Figure 4.  Denseblock module replaces Focus structure

    图 5  SE-Net通道注意力模块结构

    Figure 5.  SE-Net channel attention module structure

    图 6  引入SE-Net通道注意力模块

    Figure 6.  Introduction of SE-Net channel attention module

    图 7  改进SE-Net模块前后检测效果对比

    Figure 7.  Comparison of detection results before and after improving SE-Net module

    图 8  改进的马赛克数据增强方式

    Figure 8.  Improved mosaic data augmentation method

    图 9  改进数据增强方式前后检测效果对比

    Figure 9.  Comparison of detection results before and after improved data enhancement method

    图 10  原始算法颈部增加检测层的结构图

    Figure 10.  Structure chart of adding a detection layer to neak of original algorithm

    图 11  增加检测层前后的算法检测效果对比

    Figure 11.  Comparison of algorithm detection results before and after adding a detection layer

    图 12  改进的YOLOv5s算法网络结构图

    Figure 12.  Improved YOLOv5s algorithm network structure

    图 13  部分数据可视化结果

    Figure 13.  Visualization results of partial data sets

    图 14  mAP@0.5对比曲线

    Figure 14.  mAP@0.5 comparison curves

    图 15  部分检测结果可视化对比

    Figure 15.  Part detection results visualization comparison chart

    表  1  改进DenseBlock模块前后模型性能对比

    Table  1.   Comparison of model performance before and after improving DenseBlock module

    算法P/%R/%mAP@0.5/%参数量
    原始YOLOv5s算法90.7182.8581.377066239
    改进算法(DenseBlock)91.3685.7884.347066741
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  加入SE-Net模块前后算法性能对比

    Table  2.   Comparison of algorithm performance before and after adding SE-Net module %

    算法PRmAP@0.5
    原始YOLOv5s算法90.7182.8581.37
    改进算法(Backbone+SE-Net)91.4285.1484.23
    改进算法(Neck+SE-Net)91.2985.3284.48
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  改进数据增强方式前后算法性能对比

    Table  3.   Comparison of algorithm performance before and after improving data enhancement method %

    算法PRmAP@0.5
    原始YOLOv5s算法90.7182.8581.37
    改进算法(Mosaic)90.7984.7983.56
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  原始算法颈部增加检测层前后算法性能对比

    Table  4.   Comparison of algorithm performance before and after adding detection layer in original algorithn %

    算法PRmAP@0.5
    原始YOLOv5s算法90.7182.8581.37
    改进算法(Adding layer)91.4785.3383.78
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  实验参数值

    Table  5.   Experimental parameter values

    初始
    学习率
    终止
    学习率
    学习率
    调整轮数
    一次传入
    图片数
    训练
    轮数
    0.010.258250
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  消融实验对比

    Table  6.   Comparison of ablation experiments %

    算法PRmAP@0.5
    原始YOLOv5s算法 90.71 82.85 81.37
    改进算法(DenseBlock+SE-Net) 91.67 86.65 86.49
    改进算法(DenseBlock+Mosaic) 90.96 86.43 85.93
    改进算法(DenseBlock+Adding layer) 91.43 86.97 85.91
    改进算法(SE-Net+Mosaic) 91.04 87.18 86.24
    改进算法(SE-Net+Adding layer) 92.28 86.52 86.15
    改进算法(Mosaic+Adding layer) 91.62 87.23 86.96
    改进算法(DenseBlock+SE-Net+Mosaic) 91.66 87.73 86.85
    改进算法(DenseBlock+SE-Net+Adding layer) 91.47 88.18 87.07
    改进算法(DenseBlock+Mosaic+Adding layer) 91.92 88.33 86.61
    改进算法(SE-Net+Mosaic+Adding layer) 90.13 87.14 86.48
    改进算法(DenseBlock+SE-Net+
    Mosaic+Adding layer)
    91.21 89.09 87.94
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7  改进算法与现有目标检测算法性能对比

    Table  7.   Performance comparison between the proposed improved algorithm and existing object detection algorithms

    算法mAP@0.5/%mAP/%NFPS/(帧·s−1)
    YOLOv374.3944.6717.36
    YOLOv3-tiny72.8743.1221.48
    YOLOv3-spp75.7847.1516.58
    YOLOv484.1653.9216.03
    YOLOv5s81.3752.2624.01
    YOLOv5m84.9354.4219.94
    YOLOv5l86.5856.3117.87
    YOLOv5x87.1256.9616.07
    YOLOX-L86.8957.1717.23
    PP-YOLOv286.7357.0317.12
    改进算法87.9458.1420.45
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  8  改进算法与现有安全帽检测算法性能对比

    Table  8.   Performance comparison between proposed improved algorithm and existing safety helmet detection algorithms %

    算法mAP@0.5mAP
    其他改进算法(改进锚框) 83.56 54.14
    其他改进算法(增加自注意力机层) 84.32 53.95
    其他改进算法((增加自注意力层+改进锚框) 84.87 55.63
    其他改进算法(K-means聚类) 82.46 52.74
    其他改进算法(增加特征图) 84.43 54.32
    其他改进算法(增加特征图+K-means聚类) 85.78 55.31
    其他改进算法(深度可分离卷积) 82.76 52.96
    其他改进算法(改进SPP) 82.73 52.97
    其他改进算法(深度可分离卷积+改进SPP) 84.21 55.13
    其他改进算法(K-means++算法) 83.38 53.98
    其他改进算法(多光谱注意力模块) 85.98 56.03
    其他改进算法(K-means++算法+多光谱注意力模块) 86.09 56.76
    本文改进算法 87.94 58.14
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2021-10-09
  • 录用日期:  2021-11-02
  • 网络出版日期:  2021-11-23
  • 整期出版日期:  2023-08-31

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