GNSS反射计河流参数测量研究

王峰; 郑琦; 杨东凯; 李建强; 李杰; 刑进

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2022.0912

GNSS反射计河流参数测量研究

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2022.0912

王峰¹,
郑琦²,
杨东凯^1, ,,
李建强^{3, 4},
李杰¹,
刑进¹

1.
北京航空航天大学电子信息工程学院，北京 100191
2.
上海埃依斯航天科技有限公司，上海 201109
3.
北京航空航天大学宇航学院，北京 100191
4.
上海航天技术研究院，上海 201109

基金项目: 国家自然基金项目(42104031)；上海市产业协同创新项目(2021-cyxt2-kj05)

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail： yangdongkai@sina.com

中图分类号: P237；TN87
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-10
- 录用日期: 2023-03-26
- 网络出版日期: 2023-04-10
- 整期出版日期: 2024-12-31

River parameter measurement research by GNSS-reflectometry

WANG Feng¹,
ZHENG Qi²,
YANG Dongkai^{1
, ,},
LI Jianqiang^{3, 4},
LI Jie¹,
XING Jin¹

1.
School of Electronic Information Engineering，Beihang University，Beijing 100191，China
2.
Shanghai ASES Spaceflight Technology Co., Ltd.，Shanghai 201109，China
3.
School of Astronautics，Beihang University，Beijing 100191，China
4.
Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology，Shanghai 201109，China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (42104031); Shanghai Industrial Collaborative Innovation Project (2021-cyxt2-kj05)

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: yangdongkai@sina.com

摘要

摘要:
针对如何利用全球导航卫星系统反射计(GNSS-R)测量河流水文参数的问题，利用GNSS反射信号相关时间为相干性判决算子研究河流反射的GNSS的相干性，研究GNSS反射信号相对于直射信号的多普勒频率现象，验证GNSS-R测量河流边界、河流水位和河流流速的测量方法，并开展相应的外场试验验证。在河流水位测量方面，提出多样本观测和两步拟合法分别解决码相位高度计存在通道偏差和载波相位存在野点的问题。研究结果表明：前向构型无明显的多普勒频移，而后向构型的GNSS反射信号存在多普勒现象，前向和后向构型分别以强相干和弱相干信号为主，前向构型的强相干信号可被用于河流边界和水位测量，而后向构型被用于测量流速，利用后向构型的多普勒频率测量河流流速。试验结果表明：河流表面较河岸表面有更强的反-直功率比，通过检测镜面反射点轨迹上反-直功率比的突变点可获得河流边界；采集的北斗B1I和B3I信号测量的河流流速分别为0.34 m/s和0.51 m/s。
- GNSS反射计 /
- 相关时间 /
- 反-直功率比 /
- 码/载波相位 /
- 多普勒频率
Abstract:
To measure river parameters using global navigation satellite system-reflectometry (GNSS-R), this paper studies the coherence of the GNSS signal reflected offthe river surface, and the Doppler frequency shift of the GNSS signal relative to the direct signal, explores the methods of using GNSS-R to measure river boundary, water level, and water velocity, and conducted an experimental demonstration. To measure water level, a multi sample observation and two step fitting method are proposed to overcome the channel bias in the code phase altimeter and the outlier in the carrier phase.The research results show that there is no obvious Doppler freuqncy shift in the forward scattered signal, but there is a Doppler frequency shift phenomenon in the backward scattered GNSS signal, and the strong and weak coherent signals respectively dominate the forward scattered and backward scattered signals, so that the strong coherent signal in the forward scattered signal can be used to measure the river boundary and water level, while the backward scattered signal can be used to measure water velocity. The experimental results show that the reflected to direct power ratio from the river surface is larger than that from the river bank so that it is possible to measure river boundaries through detected mutation points of the reflected to direct power ratio in the specular point trajectories, and the measured water velocities of the B11 and B3I signals are 0.34 m/s and 0.51 m/s, respectively.
- GNSS-reflectometry /
- correlation time /
- reflected-to-direct power ratio /
- code/carrier phase /
- Doppler frequency

HTML全文

图 1 GNSS-R几何构型

Figure 1. GNSS-R geometry

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图 2 淡水和土壤表面反射系数幅度随高度角的变化

Figure 2. Variation of reflection coefficient amplitude of fresh water and soil surface with elevation angle

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图 3 河流流速测量示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of measuring water velocity

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图 4 河流试验场景

Figure 4. River experiment scenario

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图 5 强相干和弱相干信号的自相关函数

Figure 5. Autocorrelation functions of strong and weak coherent signals

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图 6 相关时间随高度角和方位角的变化

Figure 6. Variation of correlation time with elevation and azimuth angles

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图 7 B1I和B3I信号的反-直功率比在空域上的分布

Figure 7. Spatial distribution of reflected-to-direct power ratio of B1I and B3I signals

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图 8 直射和反射信号时延波形

Figure 8. Delay waveforms of direct and reflected signals

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图 9 强相干信号的相位一步和两步拟合曲线

Figure 9. One-step and two-step fitting curves of strong coherent signal

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图 10 B1I和B3I信号载波相位高度测量

Figure 10. Measured heights of carrier phases of B1I and B3I signals

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图 11 多普勒频率绝对值随方位角的变化

Figure 11. Variation of absolute Doppler frequency with azimuth angle

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图 12 B1I和B3I信号后向构型的多普勒频率的空间分布

Figure 12. Spatial distribution of Doppler frequency for backward-scattered B1I and B3I signals

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