Design and analysis of space repeatable mechanical locking and electromagnetic unlocking mechanisms
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摘要:
针对空间航天器锁紧装置驱动链长、占用物理空间大的问题，结合摩擦自锁理论，设计了空间可重复机械锁紧及电磁解锁机构，利用多种有限元分析软件分别研究了机构的机械承载性能和电磁学性能。结果表明，在轴向最大锁紧承载工况下，锁紧珠与压板、顶杆、锁紧器外壳间的接触力随时间增加而线性增大，满足力的传递性准则和平衡准则，主要承载部件顶杆和锁紧珠所受的等效应力和变形量与时间呈线性关系，最大等效应力远小于材料的屈服极限强度，装置处于小变形范围。当线圈通入额定电流时，由于电阻发热效应，等电流密度的线圈内部出现稳定的欧姆损耗，电磁解锁装置内部近似为匀强磁场，铁芯的磁聚作用增强了端面的磁感应强度。对设计的空间可重复机械锁紧及电磁解锁机构进行样机制造，并进行原理验证，为空间在轨对接接口的可重复锁紧机构设计和分析提供理论参考。
Abstract:The space locking mechanism always faces the problem of a long drive chain, as well as takes large physical space. In this work, a space repeatable mechanical locking and electromagnetic unlocking mechanism has been proposed on the basis of friction self-locking theory. Various finite element analysis software has been used to study the bearing capacity and electromagnetic property of the reusable locking mechanism. The results show that under the maximum axial locking load, the contact forces increase linearly with the increasing time between the steel locking ball and the pressing plate, the ejector pin, as well as the shell. It meets the transitivity criterion and the equilibrium criterion of force. The equivalent stress and deformation of the ejector pin and the lock bead are linear with time as well. The maximum equivalent stress is far less than the yield strength of the material and the device is in a small deformation range. When the rated current is applied to the coil, a stable ohmic loss occurs in the coil with equal current density due to the resistance heating effect. The electromagnetic unlocking technology maintains a roughly constant magnetic field inside. The magnetic agglomeration action in the iron core enhances the magnetic induction intensity on the end face. After the concept was established, a prototype for an electromagnetic unlocking and mechanical locking system in space was produced. This work presents a perspective on the design and analysis of the reusable locking mechanism for the on-orbital docking interfaces.
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图 1 空间可重复锁紧机构及顶杆设计图
Figure 1. Design drawing of spatial repeatable locking mechanism and ejector rod
图 3 改进后解锁线圈磁感应强度幅值云图及其变化曲线
Figure 3. Cloud chart and variation curve of the magnetic induction intensity amplitude of the improved unlock coil
图 4 原构型及改进构型的解锁小线圈磁感应强度幅值变化曲线
Figure 4. Amplitude variation curve of magnetic induction intensity for unlocking small coils with original and improved configurations
图 6 部件间接触力随时间变化规律
Figure 6. Variation of indirect contact force of components with time
图 7 有限元模型应力云图及其变化规律
Figure 7. Stress cloud diagram of finite element model and its change law
图 8 有限元模型变形云图及其变化规律
Figure 8. Deformation cloud diagram of finite element model and its change law
图 9 电磁解锁装置电磁学仿真流程
Figure 9. Electromagnetic simulation flow of electromagnetic unlocking device
图 10 电磁解锁装置电流密度变化规律及矢量云图
Figure 10. Current density change law and vector cloud diagram of electromagnetic unlocking device
图 11 电磁解锁装置欧姆损耗沿中性面直线变化曲线
Figure 11. Ohmic loss curve of electromagnetic unlocking device along the straight line of neutral plane
图 12 电磁解锁装置磁场及磁感应强度云图
Figure 12. Cloud diagram of magnetic field and magnetic induction intensity of electromagnetic unlocking device
图 13 电磁解锁装置局部磁感应强度矢量云图及其沿直线变化规律
Figure 13. Vector cloud diagram of local magnetic induction intensity of electromagnetic unlocking device and its change law along the straight line
表 1 铁芯构型参数改进
Table 1. Improvement of core configuration parameters
铁芯构型 铁芯中心轴直径/mm 原构型 5 改进1 10 改进2 13 改进3 16 
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表 2 部件力学性能参数表
Table 2. Mechanical property parameters of components
部件名称 弹性模量/GPa 泊松比 屈服强度/MPa 锁紧珠 206 0.3 785 其他部件 107.8 0.3 825
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