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摘要:
利用卫星编队形成天基被动干涉成像系统可获得高空间分辨率，但探测基线稀疏会导致反演图像存在混叠，影响单像素点目标检测。考虑观测区域的缓变特性，提出一种基于图像序列的目标检测方法。通过多帧图像进行背景估计，对反演图像进行背景消除；基于旁瓣特征聚集能量，估计目标区域噪声，筛选出候选目标；结合时序运动特征得到目标的运动轨迹，实现运动点目标的检测。以10颗地球静止轨道卫星构成的编队系统为例，对50个舰船点目标探测，进行300次仿真实验。结果表明：所提方法可实现大视场范围内的点目标检测，平均虚警率为14.5%，平均漏警率为19.5%。
Abstract:High spatial resolution can be achieved by the satellite formation-based passive interference imaging system in space, however the retrieved image may contain aliasing noise due to sparse detection baselines, which will impede the detection of single-pixel point targets. Considering the slow-varying characteristics of the observation area, a target detection method based on image sequences is proposed. The observation background is estimated by multi-frame retrieved images and historical data, and then background subtraction is applied to the retrieved images. Next, by accumulating sidelobe energy and estimating the noise in the target neighborhood, potential targets are chosen. Lastly, the tracks of the targets are acquired by analyzing the movement characteristics. In the simulation experiment, 10 satellites running in geostationary orbit are designed to detect 50 ship targets in the sea. A total of 300 trials are tested, and the average false alarm rate and average missed alarm rate are shown to be as high as 14.5% and 19.5%, respectively.
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图 2 卫星编队构型及基线分布示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of satellite formation configuration and baseline distribution
表 1 各卫星的轨道参数
Table 1. Orbital elements of each satellite
卫星相对轨道要素 半长轴/km 偏心率/10−6 轨道倾角/(°) 近地点幅角/(°) 升交点赤经/(°) 平近点角/(°) 参考卫星 42164 0 0 0 0 0 环绕卫星1 42164 $2.372 $ $2.718 \times {10^{ - 4}}$ 90.000 81.011 171.011 环绕卫星2 42164 $2.372 $ $2.718 \times {10^{ - 4}}$ 90.000 225.814 315.814 环绕卫星3 42164 $2.372 $ $2.718 \times {10^{ - 4}}$ 90.000 −61.375 28.625 环绕卫星4 42164 $2.372 $ $2.718 \times {10^{ - 4}}$ 90.000 10.812 100.812 环绕卫星5 42164 $2.372 $ $2.718 \times {10^{ - 4}}$ 90.000 153.198 243.198 环绕卫星6 42164 $2.372 $ $2.718 \times {10^{ - 4}}$ 90.000 −62.550 27.450 环绕卫星7 42164 $2.372 $ $2.718 \times {10^{ - 4}}$ 90.000 116.695 206.695 环绕卫星8 42164 $2.372 $ $2.718 \times {10^{ - 4}}$ 90.000 208.878 298.878 环绕卫星9 42164 $2.372 $ $2.718 \times {10^{ - 4}}$ 90.000 24.592 114.592 
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